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I don't think there is an exact Chinese counterpart for 'sophisticated'. It depends on the context. 世故 (worldly) is the context-agnostic translation but sometimes it has a negative connotation of slyness. When you use it on a 10-year old, it's almost surely negative. Like the other comment mentioned, (少年)老成 can be used when to say a kid is sophisticated, ...

The word "sophisticated" has several meanings. As you have already stated in your question the meaning in context being "a person or their thoughts, reactions, and understanding, being aware of and able to interpret complex issues", I will try to elaborate on this meaning first before going into the details. Being sophisticated does not mean being, 精明 ...