Return to Question

On the other hand, the word/concept 民族主義 mínzú zhǔyì encompasses the word 民族 mínzú which means 'ethnic group', the first character 民 mín meaning ‘people’, and the second 族 zú meaning 'clan, race, ethnic group'.

Geping, N. I. U. (2009). A Comparison of Tagore’s Nationalism and Sun Yat-sen’s The Three Principles of the People from the Perspective of Nationalism. Core Ethics: コア・エシックス= Core Ethics: コア・エシックス, 5, 463-476.

On the other hand, the word/concept 民族主義 mínzú zhǔyì encompasses the word 民族 mínzú which means 'ethnic group', the first character 民 mín meaning ‘people’, and the second 族 zú meaning 'clan, race, ethnic group'. The term 民族 was introduced by the late Qing dynasty scholar Wang Tao (Matten, 2012):

For instance, when the term minzu appeared for the first time in the Chinese language in the text "Yangwu zai yong qi suo chang" 洋務在用其所長 (“On Using the Advantages of Foreign Things") written by Wang Tao 王韜 (1828-1897) in 1874, its usage was rather old-fashioned: "China is the largest country in the world, with a huge territory, numerous tribes [minzu], and rich resources. Once we can strive to self-strengthen, the country will be rich and strong, and no other countries can compete with us."

Geping, N. I. U. (2009). A Comparison of Tagore’s Nationalism and Sun Yat-sen’s The Three Principles of the People from the Perspective of Nationalism. Core Ethics: コア・エシックス= Core Ethics: コア・エシックス, 5, 463-476.

Matten, M. A. (2012). " China is the China of the Chinese": The Concept of Nation and its Impact on Political Thinking in Modern China. Oriens Extremus, 51, 63-106.

References:

Response to answers:

In my impression, the answers overlook the fact that "nation" is normally a highly political concept, related to the political organization of a group of people around a nation-state.

A nation is a large type of social organization where a collective identity has emerged from a combination of shared features across a given population, such as language, history, ethnicity, culture, territory or society. Some nations are constructed around ethnicity (see ethnic nationalism) while others are bound by political constitutions (see civic nationalism and multiculturalism). A nation is generally more overtly political than an ethnic group. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation

This is why there is a specific term "ethno-nationalism", for when there is an emphasis of the "ethnicity", over the political values (e.g. freedom, democracy, etc.) that would unite the people around this "nation-state".

References:

Mankind is divided first into the five main races—white, black, red, yellow, brown. Dividing further, we have many su- races, as the Asiatic races—Mongolian, Malay, Japanese, Manchurian and Chinese....The greatest force is common blood,” in politics and international politics.

Mankind is divided first into the five main races—white, black, red, yellow, brown. Dividing further, we have many sub-races, as the Asiatic races—Mongolian, Malay, Japanese, Manchurian and Chinese....The greatest force is common blood,” in politics and international politics.