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This is a community-maintained list of resources for learning Mandarin Chinese.

Alphabetical Index

Just write in the appropriate answer/section. If you have concerns, questions, post a meta question, so we don't clutter the comments, but you can link your meta question from the comments.

Organization

  • Answers have a type of resource each.
  • Please do not include links to unlawful content (note: we are not international copyright lawyers). If a resource is listed, it does not imply we endorse it.
  • Both free and commercial resources are allowed, but make sure to include a note if they are. Remember the rules about self-promotion. Include also if registration is required.
  • Include links to the sites only, don't post images, they would take too much space.
  • Add the resources in alphabetical order so they're easier to find.
  • Please only include resources that have some kind of notoriety (we don't want to be flooded by useless resources).

Note: new rules could be added in the future.

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    Few people ever realize, that it's not about the resources. It's how you use them. Most of those shiny ipad and smartphone apps are useless toys. Apps don't learn Chinese, it's you who need to make the efforts, which no app can replace. Computer aid hardly makes language learning any better. The only thing in this context a computer can help you is getting access to target language media. The rest is mostly just (commercial) products you don't need. You most likely download and install way more stuff than you can use and profit from.
    – Kovács Imre
    Jan 3, 2014 at 14:00
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    @KovácsImre I disagree. Apps provide extremely valuable help for reading that open up many new possibilities. See for instance hackingchinese.com/…
    – goPlayerJuggler
    Oct 20, 2016 at 9:08

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Websites

Blogs

Databases

See also Dictionaries.

Example sentences

Flashcards and Writing

Forum

General learning

Grammar

Multimedia lessons

Reading

Translation and OCR

Web tools

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Browser Add-ons

General

There are also many browser highlighters available (too many to list; Google it), which enable you to highlight and save text for later review.

Popup dictionaries

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Software for learning

Tools

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Language Exchanges

Various websites to find language exchange partners, people will meet in person or talk online and help each other learn each others' respective languages.

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Podcasts

You can find many such podcasts by searching for Chinese on e.g. Spotify or Tune In

(YouTube channels are listed under social media.)

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Apps

Dictionaries

  • Hanping Chinese Dictionary Pro 汉英词典 (Android; $US 2.99) includes handwriting recognition, native speaker audio, stroke animations, example sentences, idioms, HSK words, etc. More functionality via in-app purchases, e.g. Hanping Camera ($US 9.99) and Hanping Chinese Popup ($US 9.99).

  • Pleco (iOS; Android) free dictionary with example sentences; many additional features e.g. OCR via in-app purchases.

  • Ponddy Chinese Dictionary (iPhone).

Flashcards and Writing

Games

  • 酷狗唱唱 (iPhone; QQ) is a Chinese karaoke app which gives you a score based on your singing.

  • NiHao! (iPad; $US 4.99) grammar and puzzle game.

  • Word Swing (iOS; Android) is a choose-your-own-adventure text adventure game (paid version required for full access).

General learning

Pronunciation

Reading and Listening

Translations and OCR

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Online Courses

Tutors

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Textbooks

See also Chinese textbook grammar index at the Chinese Grammar Wiki.

Learning

  • Yong Ho, Beginner's Chinese, 2010. Amazon.

  • ShaoLan. Chineasy Everyday: Learning Chinese Through Its Culture, 2016. Amazon. (Now available as an app).

  • Kan Qian, Colloquial Chinese: The Complete Course for Beginners, 2015. Amazon. Texts, exercises, grammar highlights, etc.

  • Jiang Liping, HSK Standard Course (HSK标准教程), ~2018. Amazon: HSK 1; 2; 3; 4上; 4下；5上 and 5下; 6上 and 6下. Answers are available from BLCUP, specifically 1; 2; 3; 4上; 4下; 5上; 5下; 6上; 6下. The workbook answers are available from 1; 2; 3; 4上; 4下; 5上; 5下; 6上; 6下.

  • Yuehua Liu et al., Integrated Chinese: Simplified Characters Textbook, Level 1, Part 1 中文听说读写, 2008. Amazon; Cheng & Tsui.

  • Yong Ho, Intermediate Chinese, 2013. Amazon.

  • Peking University, Modern Chinese: A Basic Course, 1971. Amazon.

  • Liu Xun, New Practical Chinese Reader, 2004. Amazon.

  • James W. Heisig and Timothy W. Richardson, Remembering Traditional Hanzi and Remembering Simplified Hanzi, 2008+. Amazon: T1, T2; S1, S1; Nanzan T1, T2; S1, S2. A method for memorizing Chinese characters without their pronunciation. (See also: a fan-made dataset for simplified characters.)

  • Yuonne Li Walls and Jan W. Walls, Using Chinese - A guide to contemporary usage, 2009. Amazon.

Reference

  • Muhammad Wolfgang G. A. Schmidt, All the Grammar and Language Points For Each Of The Six Levels of the Chinese Language Proficiency Test (HSK), 2018. Amazon.

  • Yip Po-Ching and Dan Rimmington, Chinese - An Essential Grammar, 2006. Amazon.

  • Charles N. Li and Sandra A. Thompson, Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar, 1989. Amazon; Google Books. Only pinyin (no characters).

  • Claudia Ross and Jing-heng Sheng Ma, Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide (Modern Grammars), 2014. Amazon.

  • Dejin Li and Meizhen Cheng, A Practical Chinese Grammar for Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法), 2008. Amazon. Bilingual (English and Chinese); characters only.

  • Claudia Ross, Schaum's Outline of Chinese Grammar, 2004. Amazon.

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Dictionaries

Online

Image search provided by Baidu, Bing, and Google can be used as a visual dictionary. Many dictionaries are listed at Dictionaryphile.

Removed items

  • Bkrs (mostly in Russian) (removed for copyright reasons, see comments to the answer here).

  • nciku Line Dict

Technical

Offline

  • ABC dictionary - available as a paid-for add-on in Pleco. Gives parts of speech and rates homonyms by frequency of usage. See also this answer.

  • Hanping Chinese Dictionary Pro 汉英词典 (Android; $US 2.99).

  • Pleco (iOS; Android) free dictionary with example sentences; many additional features e.g. OCR via in-app purchases.

  • Wenlin. Non-introductory versions start at $US 2.99 per month.

Many dictionaries are downloadable from HuZheng.org.

Downloadable plain text files

  • CC-CEDICT (Wiki) online, downloadable (as opposed to searchable-only) public-domain Chinese-English dictionary

  • SUBTLEX-CH: Chinese Word and Character Frequencies Based on Film Subtitles. Includes part-of-speech information.

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Books

Graded readers

(Note: Fig. 7 in Loach (2017) analyzes the difficulty of Mandarin Companion and Sinolingua.)

Novels

Also note a Reddit /r/chinesebookclub post sorts Chinese novels by difficulty (results). The YouTube channel Kuo’s Audiobooks has readings of Harry Potter novels.

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Social Media

Discord

Facebook

Twitter

YouTube channels (native content useful for learners)

YouTube channels (teaching)

In addition to YouTube, there is also Bilibili, iQiYi, iXiGua, TuDou, and YouKu.

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Lists of Resources

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Online Tests

How many characters do I know?

How many words do I know?

How many chengyu do I know?

How fast can I read?

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AI chat bots

Note: some of these are different interfaces for ChatGPT; some of these are paid services; some require registration that may involve a Chinese ID or phone number; many are unavailable in various locations.

Not ready just yet, but may be useful for learning Mandarin in the future:

  • HuggingChat (currently v0.2; it basically doesn't speak Chinese yet)
  • MOSS

There's also Bing Chat (can someone who can access Bing Chat please check if it speaks Chinese?).

There's many other AIs which output Chinese (too many to list), like MosaicML, GLM-130B and StableLM, but are likely not useful to those wanting to learn Mandarin.

Visual-GLM can generate Chinese text given an image and a prompt.

Designed for language learners (includes Mandarin)

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