Is "我习说中文一起我的朋友" the correct way to say "I practice speaking Chinese with my friend"?
Nope. The correct statement is: （我）跟我的朋友一起练习说汉语
This is because Chinese is an SVO language, and we have:
- 我 subject 1 (S1)
- 跟 conjunction (&)
- 我的朋友 subject 2 (S2)
- 一起 adverb (A)
- 练习 auxilliary verb (aux)
- 说 verb (V)
- 汉语 object (O)
Syntax: S1 & S2 A aux V O
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some users would question ＂练习 auxilliary verb (aux)＂，according to e。g。使用现代汉语语法，Chinese has the following 能愿动词：要、想、愿意、肯、敢、应该、应当、应、该、得（dei３）、能、能够、可以、可、准、许、得（得２）、配、值得、可能、会。 according to the usual grammars 练习 is not considered an auxiliary verb （能愿动词 or 助动词）。 – user6065 Mar 30 '15 at 22:28
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You can also treat it as a compund verb V + V, if you will. – user4452 Mar 30 '15 at 22:40
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练习 of course by itself is a compound word （合成词）（in fact compound verb）of the 并列 （parallel） type combining the ２ verbs 练 and 习 with identical or similar meanings， as far as its relation to the following verb 说 is concerned，grammars would say 练习 has the verb 说 as its object，in fact 练习 appears to belong to both the 体宾动词 and the 谓宾动词 type， i。e。能带体词宾语又能带谓词宾语，you can say e。g。 练习汉语习语和名言口译技巧 and 练习空手道（examples from iciba），therefore 练习汉语 also seems possible besides 练习说汉语etc。 – user6065 Mar 31 '15 at 12:28
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as far as S－V－O， some users would propose the following： 我（S）练习（V）说汉语（O）where O is a V－O phrase 说（V）汉语（O）cf。外国人实用汉语语法 – user6065 Apr 1 '15 at 11:04
我和我的朋友练习中文。– user4072 Mar 31 '15 at 2:05