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As far as I can tell, 风浪 is waves created by wind, and 涌浪 would be waves created by tidal movements or surge waves. However, this is a very bulky way to describe them. What is the English for this difference, besides just "wave"?
Google translate offers the alternative options of 风浪: wind and waves, storm; for 涌浪: swell, surge English has "storm surge", but that's not really helping.
According to this webpage from the Ocean University of China, '风浪'='wind wave', and '涌浪'='swell'.
That webpage also gives the following definitions:
风浪(wind wave): They are generated by the wind, restored by gravity, and progress in a particular direction.
涌浪(swell):When the waves move out of the storm center, forced waves become free waves moving at speeds due to their periods and wavelengths. Once away from the storm these long-period, uniform waves are called swell.
According to the Wikipedia definition of Swell (ocean), the swells are "These series of surface gravity waves are not generated by the immediate local wind, instead by distant weather systems, where wind blows for a duration of time over a fetch of water. This is the primary definition of a swell as opposed to a locally generated wind wave, which is still under the influence of the mechanisms that created it e.g. Wind blowing over a puddle."
To my understanding, '风浪' has two meanings. The broader meaning refers to all waves generated by wind blowing; the narrower meaning refers to "a locally generated wind wave, which is still under the influence of the mechanisms that created it", to distinguish from '涌浪'.
