I have read that 將 is used for actions or events in the near future, but in some other definitions of the word, it is simply used for a future action.
2 Answers
According to Xinhua dictionary, it means the near future. 快要：将要。将至。将来。即将。
E.g. "The winter is coming." is translated to "凛冬将至" is Chinese.
But I think 将来 is simply used for future action. E.g. 我将来要成为一个科学家.
将
'will'- e.g. 将获得奖励 = (will get awarded)
- usually [将 + verb + object], e.g. 将失去目标; 将赴远方
short for '将快'or '即将'(will soon) - e.g 人将死 = 人快要死了 (the person will die soon); 国将亡 = 国家快要灭亡了 (country will be destroyed soon)
将来
'future'(n) - e.g. 你和我没有未来= 你和我没有将来 (you and I have no future)
'will in the future' (adverb phrase) - e.g. "我将来要成为一个科学家" (I will become a scientist in the future)