In a sentence such as "因为我去面试了，所以我刮了胡子", in one case, 了 is after the sentence, while in the other case it's after the verb, even though in both cases, 了 is used to express the past tense.
So how to know where to put 了?
Are there any rules to follow?
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3 Answers
In my opinion, you can use "了" right after the verb or at the end of the sentence when "了" is used to show the past tense. However, in your case, that's another thing that I want to clarify.
I think, "去面试" should be treated as one phrasal verb, something like the phrasal verb "go fishing", "go shopping" in English.Here "面试" (interview) is a noun which has a verbal meaning, and thus I will treat "去面试“ as one verb, rather than treat “面试” as the object of the verb "去".If you say "我去了北京", it's different because here "北京" is the object of "去“. Treating the two words as one verb, of course you should not insert “了” inside it.
I would say :
因为我去面试了，所以我刮了胡子. or 因为我去面试了，所以我刮胡子了.
I would also say:
因为我去参加(参加=participate in)了面试，所以我刮了胡子.
Here, “去参加” is treated as one verb and “面试" is its object.
or
因为我去参加面试了，所以我刮了胡子.
了 usually means you've done something. In most cases it can be put either after the verb or noun in the sentence and makes no difference. But
For example below sentence is equivalent to the sentence in this question.
因为我去了面试，所以我刮了)胡子。
yīn wéi wǒ qù le miàn shì，suǒ yǐ wǒ guā le hú zi。
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Saying "去了面试" is a sure way to show you're 老外 :) As @Huang's answer says, "去面试" is one phrase that should not be broken up, which is usually the case with 去+<noun>. About the only time you say "去了" is by itself as the answer to "你去过<somewhere>了吗？" Dec 21, 2011 at 19:31
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yeah you may very well omit 过, my oversight. However in 去[过]<somewhere>, 去 is the main (and only) verb, whereas in 去面试 it's part of the phrasal verb. So it's syntactically ok (though logically retarded) to say "因为我去了北京，所以我刮了胡子" while it's not with 面试. Actually in both cases it's more fluent to say "因为要去{北京|面试}，所以我把胡子刮了". Dec 27, 2011 at 21:49
Paraphrasing from http://www.douban.com/group/topic/11223733/:
“了”常常用在句末，说的是已经发生的情况(了 is usually placed at the end of a sentence to indicate something already happened). ... 在有“来、去、到“等组成的连动句中，”了“应该放在第二个动词或句子之后(In phrasal verbs with 来、去、到, 了 should be placed after the second verb or at the end of the sentence. This is exactly what @Huang's answer said).
表示动作的结束“了”一般用在动词后面(了 is usually placed after a verb to indicate the action is finished).
The examples in question are excellent demonstration of these rules. 面试 is a (hopefully) long event, and it's preceded by 去, so you put 了 at the end. In comparison, 刮胡子 is a shorter action so you put 了 after the verb 刮.
