[For the seek of clarity, I summarize the answers and comments in this answer.]
The aim of my question was to understand better the structure Number + MW + 多 (+ Noun)
, as I still had some doubts from the linked posts. After all the comments and answers, I think the meaning of the structure comes closer to the English expression and something:
Number + MW + 多 (+ Noun).
Number of MW and something; something between the Number of MW and a unit larger.
In the example:
我们走了两个多小时。
We walked for two hours and something; something between two and three hours.
This works also for the case:
Number times some power of 10 + 多 + MW (+ Noun).
Number times some power of 10 and something MW; something between the Number times some power of 10 and that power of 10 larger.
Example:
我们走了二十多个小时。
We walked for twenty and something hours; something between twenty and thirty hours.
So, answering my questions:
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Could you still express with the same structure an approximation that can be more than one MW larger? (And maybe less than some other larger MW value).
No.
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In the example, this approximation could be: We walked for more than two hours (but less than four hours). If that is not possible, how could you express this situation?
(Tang Ho):
我们走了[至少]兩个小时。 = We walked for [at least] two hours
我们走了[超過]兩个小时。 = We walked for [over] two hours
我们走了[不止]兩个小时。= We walked for [more than] two hours
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Maybe using 几? (They mentioned in some of the other posts' answers that 几 could used for larger approximations when you don't know its limits).
(Tang Ho): 几个小时 means more than 2 hours but not close to ten hours.
Thus, more or less the same as in English as 几 means several:
我们走了几个小时。
We walked for several hours.
(Dan, Tang Ho): Number + MW + 多 (+ Noun)
has a similar meaning to Number + (Number + 1) + MW (+ Noun)
.
Like in English. The example:
我们走了两个多小时。
We walked for two hours and something.
Can also be expressed as:
我们走了两三个小时。
We walked for two, three hours.