What are the parts of speech of the words in 车外的阳光格外的刺眼, and why is this 的 correct?

Question

车外的阳光格外的刺眼.

That's a complete sentence. I've got troubles understanding what parts of speech are. According to my dictionaries:

阳光 - sunshine,

格外 - especially,

刺眼 - to dazzle.

So the sentence would mean "The sunshine outside the bus was extraordinarily dazzling".

But... There's the second 的 in this sentence (阳光格外的刺眼). And objects which go after 的 are nouns (from what I know). So 刺眼 turns to be a noun? If so, where's the verb in this sentence? I really don't understand this 的. I'd gladly put 地 instead.

Edit:

This is 100% clear: 车外的阳光. The unclear 的 is here: 阳光格外的刺眼.

Answer 1

1. 车外： Object + related location/position = place term, n.
2. 的： Aux. term to turn n. into descriptive, usually in possession/belonging relation; or habitually added after multi-character adj. (single character adj. usually is optional with 的)
3. 阳光： n. subject of the sentence
4. 格外： itself is adv. no need to add any aux term. 月亮格外明亮/汉语格外难学
5. 的： Double mistake - no need at all, or even if you want to put aux term, it must be 地
6. 刺： v. as predicate.，literally means "to sting"
7. 眼： n. as object.

Perfect: 车外的阳光格外刺眼。

Not so good: 车外的阳光格外地刺眼。

Answer 2

• 车外 (outside of the car)

• 的 (adjective marker)

• "车外的" (of the outside of the car) is an adjectival phrase that applies to the noun '阳光' ( sunshine)

• 刺眼(的) is the adjective for '阳光' with 的 omitted

阳光 (sunshine)

格外 (especially) - 格外 is an adverb, the 的 in 格外的 is for emphasis and can be omitted

的: 助词, 同 “地”（de）。用在状语后，表示状语和中心词之间的修饰关系)

刺眼 (dazzling)

车外(的)阳光格外(的)刺眼 = The sunshine (of) outside of the car is especially dazzling

You can omit the first '的' in Chinese just like you can omit 'of' in English; You can omit the second '的' because 格外 is already an adverb

Answer 3

I saw this question from maths stackexchange. Although I'm not an expert and just come by, I want to say something: This 的 can be there but it's NOT necessary(from the perspective of a native Chinese speaker, and I'm not sure if in your Chinese test this would be acceptable). The flexibility of Chinese might not be very comfortable for English speakers(which I assume you are), but you will need to get used to it as you proceed.

Answer 4

的 + noun; 得 + adjective; 地 + verb

the second 的 in this sentence should be 得. Sometimes we know it should be 得 but cannot be bothered to correct it in the informal comms as they have same pronouciation and we understand its meaning or the context behind it.