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What are the IPA symbols for sounds in (Beijing) Mandarin? Which Mandarin sounds are not in (American) English? Which English sounds are not in Mandarin?
Below are the IPA consonant and vowel charts where I highlighted all the American English sounds in green. I want to make a similar chart with all the Mandarin Chinese sounds.
Edit: I did some research and created the charts below. Does anyone know enough Mandarin and linguistics to know if this is correct?
If I remember from school, there are 4 American English sounds not found in Standard Mandarin.
The bigger issue, to my mind, is that despite Mandarin lacking those 4 sounds, Mandarin lacks much more in that there are only 2 types of ended consonants in Mandarin:
As a consequence, you'll notice that most Mandarin L1 speakers will pronounce their L2 English words without that various ending consonants found in English.
Ex. Foot becomes fu te （福 特）
