The question itself is already sufficient in description. Whose brilliant brain had the idea to coerce this nonsensical additional commentary text on us?
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- [conj.] (almost=while) a conj. with slight sense of transition/suppose, can be translated into: and;furthermore;moreover;but also;into the bargain;if;in case;however.
<连>
从古沿用下来的连词,可连接词、短语和分句,表示多种关系 [and;furthermore;moreover;but also;into the bargain;if;in case;however]
- (1) (listing) 表示并列关系
永州之野产异蛇,黑质而白章。—— 唐· 柳宗元《捕蛇者说》
Wilderness of Eishu(Yongzhou) produces peculiar snakes, whose skin black and texture white.
- (2) (progressing) 表示递进关系
君子博学而日参省乎己。——《荀子·劝学》
Kunshi (Junzi) (a noble one) broadly studies and furthermore daily introspect into himself.
- (3) (a slight casual relationship) 表示承接关系
余方心动欲还,而大声发于水上。——宋· 苏轼《石钟山记》
I was just hesitating to go home, when great sound generates from the waters.
- (4) (slight transition) 表示转折关系
青,取之于蓝,而青于蓝。——《荀子·劝学》
Ao (qin) is taken from Ai (lan), yet bluer/darker than Ai(lan).
- (5) (surmise) 表示假设关系
诸君而(如果)有意;瞻余马首可也。——清· 徐珂《清稗类钞·战事类》
You fellows if interested, up-look into my horse's head's orientation.
- (6)(modification, similar to suffix -ly in English) 表示修饰关系,连接状语
吾恂恂而起。——唐· 柳宗元《捕蛇者说》
I uneasily got up.
- [pron.] you,your; this
〈代〉
- (1) 你;你的 [you;your]
余知而无罪也。——《左传·昭公二十年》
I know you are innocent.
- (2) 这样,此 [this]
同是被逼迫,君而妾亦然。——《玉台新咏·古诗为焦仲卿妻作》
Same enforced, you being so and I also being.
- [aux.]
〈助〉
- (1) (modification, "as to the extent") 表示偏正关系,相当于“之”,“的” [of]
虞之与虢,相恃而势。——《淮南子·人间》
Go(yu, ancient country) treating Kaku(guo, ancient country), take reciprocal reliance as the situation.
- (2) (comparison, though sometimes the same positioning can be case 1.6) 与“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“来”、“往”连用,相当于“以”
形而上者谓之道,形而下者谓之器。——《易·系辞上》
Up to entity is called Tao, down to entity called mechanism.
- [mod.]
<语气>
- (1) (negative question) 用于句中,表示反问,相当于“难道”,“岂” [how could;how is it possible]
为仁由己,而由人乎哉?——《论语·颜渊》
To practice kindness is out of oneself, how could it be out of others?
- (2) (exclamation) 用于句末,相当于“耳”,“哪”
已而已而,今之从政者殆而。——《论语·微子》
Finished already, finished already, today's politicians are stupid as such!
Ref:ZDIC
