Questions tagged [etymology]
Questions about the origin and history of Chinese words. Use [glyph-origin] for the origin of characters.
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Why "again" is expressed differently in the present and in the past. (又 and 再)
I've been studying for HSK3 and I was very intrigued in the reason why expressing "again" in different moments has to be done with different characters, I mean, I know their differences and ...
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Why did 鲁迅 write 贿路 and not 贿赂 ("bribe")?
如果你遇见有人被冤枉，被诬陷的，即使明知道他是好人，也万不可挺身而出，去给他解释或分辩，否则，你就会被人说是他的亲戚，或得了他的贿路……
If you encounter someone being wronged, even if you know they are a good person, you definitely shouldn't step forward and and ...
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Why is it written 安详 and not 安祥?
CC-CEDICT: 安详 (ānxiáng) serene
Regarding the above word, my Chinese-Chinese dictionary (现代汉语规范词典 "GF" in Pleco) cautions me 注意：“详”不要误写作“祥” (despite CC-CEDICT including it). While 祥 doesn'...
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Is it a coincidence that 吗 and 吧 sound like 妈 and 爸 respectively?
I was thinking about how we end questions with the word 吗 and how, as babies, the first people you ask questions of are mum and dad. I was wondering if there is some connection to the origin of how we ...
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船 composed of characters for vessel, 8, and person?
Is 船 (chuán, boat) composed of the characters for vessel, eight, and person? Is this the etymology of 船?
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How do I memorize Chinese characters that have an original meaning unrelated to their modern meaning?
I've been trying my best to combat this sort of thing recently but I couldn't really find a good way to solve this sort of problem I have when memorizing Chinese characters whose original meaning is ...
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Who created Chinese Characters? (for facts or historical records)
Who created Chinese Characters? This question is for facts or historical records, not opinions. It may not be created by one person at one time, because if so, why are there so many repeated ...
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Is 冘 and 何 related in terms of their glyph origin?
I know this might be bizarre but while I was searching up the ancient forms of 冘 (yín/yóu; to move on), I've seem to noticed something on the ancient forms for that character. I've took note that some ...
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Is the Cantonese word 冧巴 a loanword from English?
To my ear, 冧巴 (lam1baa2, meaning "number") sounds a lot like the English word "number". Is this a coincidence, or is this a loanword from English?
If it is a loanword, what word ...
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What's the logic and etymology behind 未免 = "rather", such as in 未免太贵了?
CC-CEDICT 未免 (wèi miǎn) unavoidably / can't help / really / rather
The word 未免 is often translated to "a bit too" or "rather" when used in sentences such as 这个价格未免太贵了吧 or 他未免太紧张了 (...
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Why does 黄牛 mean scalper?
What is the history of the word 黄牛 meaning scalper?
MDBG defines it like this:
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Word for “planet”
This Wiktionary article mentions that the term for “planet” is 行星 and that it was “[c]oined by Alexander Wylie and Li Shanlan in 1859,” from characters meaning “travel” and “star,” which makes sense ...
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What was the glyph origin of 己? What was its original meaning?
I understand that the current meaning of 己 is "oneself", which is different to its original meaning. Now I am curious about the history of the character.
I found different opinions regarding ...
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Is there a connection between right (direction) and the 'stone' radical?
An answer in Linguistics led me to investigate the radicals composing the written word 'right' (右), which led me to the stone radical (石). There is a very subtle (to me) difference in that the lines ...
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How did 拳 come to mean "(Chinese-style) boxing/fighting style"?
I recently I learned about a character from Naruto named Rock Lee, one of whose moves is called "Drunken Fist" in official English translations. That's obviously an admittedly bad literal ...
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I am trying to understand 写
冖 + 与 = 写。how does mi and yu become xie? Mi is the cover radical and Yu means and; with; to; for; give, grant according to Pleco.
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How does 斡旋 mean "to mediate"?
I'm studying CCTV news with my Chinese teacher, where I encountered the word 斡旋 for the first time:
CC-CEDICT: 斡旋 (wòxuán) to mediate (a conflict etc)
CC-CEDICT: 斡 (wò) to turn
CC-CEDICT: 旋 (xuán...
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What’s the deal with the xing-type readings for 行?
How come did the readings of the xing-category appear for 行?
They make no sense. The Early Middle Chinese for “to walk” is γæng, which should give héng – and so it does, in 胻, 蘅, 桁 – even with the ...
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Was the term 民國 wholly coined by the founders of the Republic of China?
By the time the Republic of China was founded, the terms 民主國 and 共和國 had been firmly established as translations for the English term "republic". Despite that, founder Sun Yat-sen insisted ...
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When did Chinese switch from full numerical year numbers (e.g. 一千八百九十四) to per-digit year numbers (e.g. 一八九四)?
In Modern Japanese and Korean, years are always read/expressed as full numerical values. So 1894 would be 千八百九十四 in both languages. This practice was once done in China as well - 1894 would be 一千八百九十四 ...
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How to analyse the word 是指?
Is there any attested etymology for this word or can anyone otherwise attempt to break down its compositional logic for me please?
On the face of it, 是指 looks structurally similar to 是说. However, the ...
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Is 泵 the only transliterated loanword with its own logogram in all of Chinese?
Phonetic transliterations of foreign words are not uncommon in Mandarin, e.g. 沙发 for "sofa", 逻辑 for "logic", etc.
Much less common are what I would call "transliterated ...
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What is the etymology of the different sentence final particles?
I'm curious about the etymology of 吗，吧， 呢，and 了. Does anyone have theories or sources on the subject?
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Is there an etymological connection between 包 and 抱？
As for the written characters, as both words are pronounced very similarly it makes sense that they share a phonetic component. But where do the spoken words actually come from? It seems very likely ...
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Why does 即使 mean even if?
Usually when two characters combine I can puzzle through how they obtained their combined meaning.
However, even after years of study I have no idea why 即使 means even if.
I’m looking to better ...
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Is 甭 just the amalgamation of 不 and 用?
Can't think of any right now, but I have seen other characters which are really 2 characters combined.
Is 甭 just the amalgamation,phonetically and graphically, of 不 and 用, or some other provenance?
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What does 法令 mean in 法令紋 "smile lines, laugh lines"?
The 法令 in 法令紋 is confusing me. 法令 never shows up in the three morphemes in NasoLabial Folds broken down, and translated, into Chinese below.
2. 法令紋 nasolabial folds, smile lines, laugh lines
nasal ...
user34929
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Where did the “obedient” sense of 乖 come from?
This character 乖 is used in words like 乖離, 乖違, and 乖戾, and means something along the lines of “to deviate from the norm or reason” or even “to disobey”. I’m wondering how it came to be used for a ...
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Why is 吏 (lì) pronounced differently to 史 (shǐ) and 使 (shǐ)?
The pronunciation of 吏 (lì) is frustratingly hard to remember since it's different to two similar-looking characters 史 (shǐ) and 使 (shǐ). Sometimes learning the etymology, and the reason why a ...
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What are characters called when they have three of the same radical used?
I sometimes encounter characters like 鑫, which is made of three 金 radicals, or 龘, which is made of three 龍 radicals. What are they called and is there a reason for their existence? Ive tried looking ...
user31212
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Why is 参差 pronounced cēncī?
CC-CEDICT: 参差 (cēncī) uneven / jagged / snaggletooth / ragged / serrated
CC-CEDICT: 参差不齐 (cēncībùqí) (idiom) variable / uneven / irregular
Judging from Pleco, outside of 参差, the character 参 is ...
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Why does "meta-" translate to “元-”?
Why does "meta-" translate to “元-”?
For example, metadata=元数据, meta-analysis=元分析, metaphysics=元物理学。
I understand meta-X to mean "X that is about/of/concerning X". But 元 tends to ...
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Why is 黄河 used in the saying 不到黄河心不死?
In Chinese, there's a saying along the lines of "it's not over until the fat lady sings":
CC-CEDICT: 不到黄河心不死: lit. not to stop until one reaches the Yellow River (idiom) / fig. to persevere ...
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How did 子 come to mean "master?"
In cases of famous masters like Laozi, Zhuangzi, Mozi, Sunzi, Kong Fuzi, etc. the suffix -子 is translated as "master" or sometimes "great teacher." Otherwise it indicates offspring ...
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What is the meaning for the 炮 in 娘炮?
I know what the word as a whole means but just wondering if anyone know something about perhaps the etymology and/or meaning or the like of the 炮 part in the word 娘炮, i.e. why use the character 炮 here ...
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Why does 所有人 also mean owner and proprietor?
I understand how 所有人 means "every person". But how can 所有人 mean proprietor?
In Ancient and Modern China, most people have not owned a company, land or estate! Most people are employed by a ...
user34613
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What language did 咖啡 reach Chinese from?
"Coffee" is originally an Arabic word that reached the English language through Turkish at some point in the 16th century. Does anyone know the history of the word 咖啡 in Chinese? When did it ...
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How old are 她，他，它？
In many languages, nouns have gender, that is the noun is considered to be feminine, masculine or neuter (Latin for neither, not masculine, also not feminine.) The gender of the noun affects how other ...
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Why does 縱 mean both "loose; vertical; although; even if"
詞類
英文意義
1
v.
loose; allow; relax; let go; let fly; be indulgent; release; set free
2
adj.
vertical; perpendicular; longitudinal; lengthwise
3
conj.
although
4
idiom
even if; granted that
http://...
user11787
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Why is 奇数 pronounced jīshù and not qíshù?
Integers {...,-2,-1,0,1,2,...} split into two types:
CC-CEDICT: 偶数 (ǒushù) even number
CC-CEDICT: 奇数 (jīshù) odd number
Oddly, 奇 is pronounced jī and not qí. This leads to the question...
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Why does 履 mean both "shoes" and "fulfill; assume"?
詞類
英文意義
n.
shoes; footstep
v.
tread on; experience; put on; ascend the throne; fulfill; assume
http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%B1%A5
Is this etymology related to ...
user11787
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For 須, what does "to make (time) pliant" mean?
詞類
英文意義
adj.
necessary
modal v.
must
n.
beard, whiskers (arch.) ; moment
v.
have to; wait; expect
Table from CUHK.
Question 1.
Why does 須 mean both "must" and "wait; expect"? ...
user11787
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Why does 卻 mean both "decline; retreat" and "but, yet, still' while"?
詞類
英文意義
adv.
but, yet, still, however; while
v.
reject, decline, withdraw; retreat, step back
http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%8D%BB writes that 卻's semantic ...
user11787
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Why does 竹槓 (bamboo) also mean rip off?
I know that "bamboos are hollow and compartmentalized". "A bamboo rod has an empty middle". But I still cannot connect the dots! I can't think up any relation between bamboo + ...
user11787
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Origin and history of 吃
Chinese meaning of 吃 From google dictionary:
动词
咀嚼后吞咽下去（有时也指吸、喝）。
「吃饭」
动词
吸纳（液体）。
「沙土地特别能 吃水」
动词
消灭；吞并。
「连 吃对方三个子儿」
动词
耗费。
「吃力」
动词
承受；受。
「身体 吃不消」
动词
指一物体进入另一物体。
「轮船越重 吃水越深」
动词
...
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Chinese etymology dictionary for words of more than one character
European dictionaries such as the Webster's English Dictionary or the Oxford Dictionary often have detailed etymologies of each word entry, together with dates of oldest attested usage and history of ...
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Why is it 放学 and 下班, instead of 放班 or 下学?
I know that there is also the variant 放工 but I don't think this is typical usage.
The use of 下 is so common, but yet in the instance of a school we use 放 instead.
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What is an example of a surname formed by combining two single-character family names?
There are many origins of compound surnames. Some derive from royal or official titles, place-names, professions, while others originate from non-Han Chinese clans that lived in ancient China or were ...
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What is the history of 要？Did it first mean "to want" and then get extended to mean "to be gong to"? Or was it the other way around?
要 can mean both "to be going to" and "to want". So the sentence: 我要看电视 would probably mean "I want to watch TV", but "（明天）我要上学“ would probably mean "I am going ...
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Is 消杀 (xiāoshā) a new word, and what does it mean?
In recent reading about the pandemic, suddenly I'm encountering the word 消杀. It doesn't appear in any dictionary I'm aware of, but it seems to be used in formal communication. I also encountered it ...
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