保有财产 ; 抱有好感 ; 怀有敌意 ; 育有一子
Bi-syllabic verbal compounds like these (in bold) are words: they form a lexical unit; they are used as independent lexemes; they are lexicographically counted as lemmas/entries in all dictionaries.
桌上摆有一卷书 ; 屋中堆有一百袋大米 ; 庭中种有几棵树 ; 车上坐有四人
Bi-syllabic verbal compounds like these, however, are not recorded as words in any dictionary, although they are similarly-formed and otherwise unexceptional. When pressed, people describe them as just normal instances of serial verb constructions - but are they really?
Syntactically, they seem perfectly good candidates for word-hood, and yet they're not. So I wonder:
- Are there any lexicographical/grammatical criteria we can use to explain why that second set of compounds (and other compounds like them) are to be excluded from word-hood?
- Leaving aside academic criteria, how would any native-level Chinese speaker here describe their intuitive feeling about those non-dictionary words (摆有, 堆有, 种有, 坐有, etc)?
- Do they strike you as creatively constructed phrases?
- If so, do you compose them each time afresh, perhaps in agreement with any preceding noun? (For example, thinking of 庭+有树 and deciding to add in 种 to clarify how the tree are in the courtyard or thinking about 车+有人 and deciding to add in 坐 to clarify how the people are in the car)?
- If not: Do they strike you as normal compound words that you pick in your head as a unit, no different to other frequently-used words like 抱有 or 保有?
- If so, does it surprise you that all dictionaries list words like 持有, 保有, 抱有 and 育有 but no dictionary lists words like 摆有, 坐有, 种有 and 堆有? How would you explain this fact?
- Do they strike you as creatively constructed phrases?