>忍受 = to endure/ to stand (put up with)

Your question is about the difference between two particles '住' and '了'; It also involve the usage one of the two potential particles '得' and '不' (see https://chinese.stackexchange.com/questions/21360/how-to-determine-the-part-of-speech-tags-of-words-succeeding-%e4%b8%8d-like-these/21363#21363)

>住 as a particles denotes a verb is in a continuous state: 



>忍受住 = to endure (continuously)

>忍受得住 = able to endure (continuously)

>忍受不住 = unable to endure (continuously)

~

了 as a particles denotes a verb is completed

>忍受了 = have endured

>忍受得了 = able to endure (successfully)

>忍受不了 = unable to endure (successfully)