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Why is the antonym of 供不应求 not 求不应供?
应 in 供不应求 (supply doesn't satisfy demand) means 'satisfy'
求不应供 would mean 'demand doesn't satisfy supply"
In what world do the customers have to satisfy the suppliers/ manufacturers?
Demand ...
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As an antonym of 前景 ("foreground"), is it better to use 后景 or 背景?
后景 indeed exists as a word, but I dot not personally recall it being used. I think people will understand it if you use it. Of course 背景 is the more common word choice.
References: 现代汉语词典 第7版 p. 545
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3
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Contranyms in the Chinese language
In ancient times, many characters contained two opposite meanings. Not so many in modern times.
off my head, all I can come up with are:
乖 - unreasonable (乖戾) / well-behaving (乖巧)
推 - push (推動) / ...
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As an antonym of 前景 ("foreground"), is it better to use 后景 or 背景?
背景 (background) is the right word.
It in fact matches the English words: 前 = fore, 背 = back.
I've never seen usage of 后景, which feels strange and describing some abstract thing.
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Is there a simple antonym for 好在 = "fortunately, luckily"?
好在 can be considered as the shorthand of 好的方面在于. Usually, we introduce a negative thing first, then some good side of it follows.
E.g. 他上课迟到了，好在没有被老师抓到。
For antonym, there are few words. 可惜 is one of ...
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Is there a simple antonym for 好在 = "fortunately, luckily"?
Yes. 不巧 means “unfortunately”.
In your example sentence, 不幸的是 can be replaced with 不巧的是/很不巧/很不幸/不巧.
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Why are 不由 and 無由 Private Polarity antonyms?
Unfortunately languages are not designed like software code with a rigorous and consistent logical structure, but are evolved through how people always speak.
Perhaps not the answer you are seeking, ...
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What is the antonym of 不如?
Since 很多 has a positive meaning, simply 比起 (compared to) works：
今年我旅遊很多，比起去年。
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What are the common words for "clean" and "dirty", "tidy" and "untidy"?
I agree with @Tang Ho's answer but I'd like to add something here.
Orally, people tend to skip the word "的" and may use "好" instead of "真".
1. Your room is so clean! 你房间好干净啊。
2. Your room is so ...
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