6
让 is frequently used in speech, usually translated with "to make somebody do something" or "to let". Your other examples illustrate it nicely.
让我想一想 (= let me think a bit)
The most fundamental difference between 让 and 使 is that 使 means basically "cause to", therefore it's used mostly when it refers to inanimate entities or ...
2
In the sentence 什么时候还都可以
the subject is 什么时候还 (the topic in topic-comment theory)
the predicate is 都可以
可以 is 中心词 (key word or main verb), 都 is an adverb that modifies 可以.
2
I try to distinct between 你还是不同意吗 and 你还不同意吗.
你还不同意吗 implies (given something aforementioned), you still disagree?
你还是不同意吗 implies (given something aforementioned), your attitude/stance is still no/disagree?
2
OP already listed their different definitions. They don't seem to be interchangeable at all.
The meaning of 'still' may be the only one where either word-choices can be used in the same sentence, but there's still some subtle differences between them:
Fact 1 + 还 + Fact 2 describes the facts without emphasizing any.
Fact 1 + 还是 + Fact 2 emphasizes the ...
2
住起在 and 住在起 are both ungrammatical. It is either 住起来(upon living) or 住在(live in). You can write "住在这个房子讓我很不舒服" - " living in this house make me uncomfortable" But you cannot add 起来 to it
起来 = upon
[Verb + 起来] = [upon + verb] -- e.g. 住起在 (upon living)
[Verb + 起来 + adj = [seem/feel + adj + upon + verb] -- e.g. 住起来不舒服 (feel uncomfortable ...
2
For 中小学
It is a common practice in Chinese to put bigger things in front of smaller things.
In address, 北京市朝阳区, where 朝阳 is a part of 北京-
In dates: 壬申年正月初七日 or 一九九二年二月十日
In people: 全家老小 where 老 elders are in front of 小 children. 公司上下，where 上 means the executives and 下 means workers.
And here in schools: 大中小学
But the rule is not always true when 1, the ...
2
一下子 = all of a sudden. e.g. 一下子不見了 gone all of a sudden
刹那 is a Buddhism term for a time unit. In one flick of a finger, 60 刹那 would pass
一刹那 = a very brief moment. e.g. 在一刹那間 (in the blink of an eye) = almost instantly
一时 = at the moment/ at the time. e.g. 一时找不到人选 (Can't find a candidate at the moment/ at the time)
一瞬間 (in the time of one glance), 一息間 (in ...
2
Generally, [讓|令|使] might be interchangeable.
[讓|令|使]我更理解書本上的知識 correct.
[讓|令|使]他在外面等, e.g. 這場大雨(讓)(令)(使)他在外面枯等了兩小時. We usually don't just say or use 令他在外面等, because 令他在外面等 means you give him an ORDER, stay outside and wait.
[讓]我看一看, [令|使]我看一看 is odd but understandable to native user.
[讓|令|使]不可能成為可能 correct.
這輩子[讓|令|使]我操心的事可太多了 correct.
[讓|令|使]我想起 correct.
...
1
草原 should mean animal agriculture(畜牧業) and any other nature resources related to grassland.
海洋 have similar concept of 草原.
You could use 農林漁牧業 to indicate agriculture,forestry,fishing and animal agriculture industries.
1
我想退了这件新买的毛衣。
Semantically, 我想 itself connotes a completion already because when you say it you already think about it. So we don't need 了 after 想 for completion. That's why the sentence in title is not correct.
退了 denotes I want the action 退 get done. "Done" is for completion, so we need a 了 after 退.
P. S. I somehow agree with you Chinese ...
1
前中期 can mean either [early of the middle stage] or [early and middle stages]
中前期 means [middle of the early stage]
大中小学 is the more common way to describe the education system, but it doesn't mean 小中大学 is grammatically wrong
Some orders can be stated backward, for example, 大中細碼都齊全 --> 細中大碼都齊全
[南北][東西] is [東西][南北] in reverse order
1
I recommend you look for the book Charles N. Li, Sandra A. Thompson. Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar. I found it to be currently one of the best references in English that explain in depth Chinese grammar and that also has a lot of examples. It uses only pinyin, which from your question I think could be an advantage for you. There, they ...
1
Don't really like （你）还
Maybe this helps a little:
你什么时候把车还给我，都可以。我今天不需要用车。
You can return my car anytime. I don't need it today.
你随时可以把车还给我。我今天不需要用车。
You can return my car any time. I don't need it today.
你什么时候回来 （回家、回宾馆）， 都可以。
You can come back (come home, come back to the hotel) anytime.
1
I will suggest my ideas (probably there are some mistakes, so please point them out). For each case I believe there can be several possibilities.
Verb + Adj :
Adj is an adverb defining or restricting the meaning of the Verb. For example,
一个人会走快很多，但两个人好像更有趣。
Yīgèrén huì zǒu kuài hěnduō, dàn liǎng gè rén hǎoxiàng gèng yǒuqù.
One person walks a lot faster, ...
Only top voted, non community-wiki answers of a minimum length are eligible
