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Looking at modern forms of characters and trying to analyze them for their meaning doesn't always work out. If you are planning to go deeper into these studies you might want to try out Outlier Linguistics' Dictionary. You can see their analysis of the two characters you're asking about below.


Outlier

FORM
矮 ǎi is composed of 委 wěi (also wēi) and 矢 “arrow,” hinting at the original meaning “to be of short stature.” 委 gives the sound.

Reference
李學勤,2012《字源》,天津:天津古籍出版社,2013年7月2次印刷。p. 473

FORM
Ancient form:
射
射 was originally a bow (弓) and arrow (矢) being drawn by a hand (寸), depicting the original meaning “to shoot an arrow.” Over time, 弓 and 矢 merged together and were corrupted into 身.

Reference
李學勤,2012《字源》,天津:天津古籍出版社,2013年7月2次印刷。p. 471


Here is the original reference material outlier translated above:

《字源》

形声字。从矢,委声。本义为身材短。《说文》:“矮,短人也。”

shè 船纽、铎部;船纽、祃韵、神夜切。
yè 喻纽、铎部;以纽、祃韵、羊谢切。

会意字。像矢(箭)在弓弦上将射发之形。《说文》:“䠶,弓弩发于身而中于远也,从矢,从身。”又说:“enter image description here,篆文䠶,从寸。寸,法度也,亦手也。”商代文字偶见繁形,像一人两手拉弓射箭形。一般商周文字射字则省去“人”,只作弓上注箭形。西周文字或作一手(又)拉弓射箭形。战国文字“射”形变,“弓”、“矢”二者不再互相配合为象形字,而是相并立;“弓”不再用象形字,改为简省形并且成为偏旁;“矢”字倒书并加短横,或虽正书而形变较大。秦简中“弓”又被讹作“身”,“又”则被加一短画成为“寸”。汉代隶书显然受秦文字的影响而定型。射用做动词,义为射箭,多见于商代田猎卜辞。 《粹》 1018:“王其射鹿,(擒)。弗。”或指祭祀之射牲。《粹》314:“于且(祖)丁[𠦪]。于父己𠦪。于父甲𠦪。其射。”做名词用时, “射”指官名或射手。 《粹》15:“贞:令多射䢍。”西周金文“射”指射箭。长甶盉:“穆王鄉(饗)豊,即井(邢)白(伯)大祝射。”西周有“司射”之官。静簋:“王令静司射學宫。”静盖任“射人”官职。战国文字“射”字通“夜”,《包山楚简》 138有“坪射公”,“坪射”,地名,读为“平夜(舆)”。《春秋·桓公九年》“射姑”,《史记·鲁周公世家》作“夜姑”,可证。

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