忍受 = to endure/ to stand (put up with)
Your question is about the difference between two particles '住' and '了'; It also involve the usage one of the twoa potential particles '得' and '不' (see How to determine the part of speech tags of words succeeding 不 like these?)
住 as a particles denotes a verb is in a continuous state:
忍受住 = to endure (continuously)
忍受得住 = able to endure (continuously)
忍受不住 = unable to endure (continuously)
~
了 as a particles denotes a verb is completed
了 as a particles denotes a verb is completed
忍受了 = have endured
忍受得了 = able to endure (successfully)
忍受不了 = unable to endure (successfully)