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I can find 支气管炎 for "bronchitis" but I wonder if that's a bit too technical or medical or whether it's common in day-to-day conversation.

In English "bronchitis" is a bit technical so more often people would say "chest cold".

In case it's not clear, this is the kind of cold/flu where you cough up phlegm but don't necessarily have a runny or blocked nose, which are the symptoms of a "head cold".

I can also find the term 胸闷, but I'm guessing that might be used for much more serious chest pains?

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    The word 支气管炎 is both a technical term and a common used term, so you are good to use it.
    – zyy
    Commented Mar 17, 2019 at 13:20

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气管炎 (tracheitis) and 支气管炎 (bronchitis) are all common words in Chinese. These words are so often used in everyday jokes that they even sounds like everyday slangs.

气管炎 (tracheitis) is pronounced like 妻管严 (the wife controls strictly) in Chinese, so it is often used in everyday jokes for a man who has a bossy wife.

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In English,maybe some medical terminology doesn't applied in daily,but in Chinese most mdeical terminologies are not hard to understand，so they are commonly used in oral Chinese

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