8
Here's a good English definition and explanation with an example sentence to get you started:
A Students Dictionary of Classical and Medieval Chinese
2 negative particle of the perfective: had not, have not, will have not; similar to 末 mò and often accompanied by perfective-final 矣 yǐ; mostly found in Zuozhuan 左傳 and Guoyu 國語, later mainly for archaic ...
7
This is a knottier question than it first appears. The answer is hard to summarise, but it seems to be related to the special status of 有 and 無 from the beginning of Chinese.
In the Old Chinese of the oracle bones, there seems to be fairly neat system of four. 不, 弗, 毋, 勿, where each of these is a combination of p-type vs m-type, reflecting non-modal (...
6
This particular example is completely idiomatic. 不错 is an adjective meaning 'not bad', the negation of 错 as verb 'to wrong; to mistake' is '没有错'.
Generally 没有 is used in past tense or perfect tense to falsify a statement of fact; 不 is used in present or future tense to express (un)willingness.
没有：
你吃饭了么？Have you eaten?
我没有吃。I haven't.
不：
你吃饭么？...
5
The opposite of "他没看书" (he did not/has not read books) is "他有看书" (he did/ has read books)- 没(has not) here replaces the adverb 有(has)- to indicate 'absent' of the action
The opposite of "他不看书" (he does not read) is "他看书" (he does read)- 不 here modifies the verb 看书 (read) into its negative form 不看书 (does not read) - to indicate 'refusal' of the action
...
5
Any of these sentences would be grammatically correct. However
我要一份青椒肚片不要(加)大蒜
would be a better and more common usage in my opinion.
It would be even better to include the character in the parenthesis,
加
which means "add" or "with" or "include".
4
Good question.
不满 is a single word. It means unhappy or unsatisfied. It cannot be separated into 不 + 十分 + 满. It's like you can't say "un-very-happy".
不满意 is a phrase, 不 + 满意 = not satisfied. It can be modified by 十分: 不 ＋ 十分 + 满意。
4
if you are speaking Cantonese, you can use
我要一份青椒肚片‘走’蒜。
in English it's something like take it off.
4
没(有) means not have
不 means not
The confusion arises because 错 has multiple meanings:
As a noun, it can mean an error.
没(有)错 means have no error. Or idiomatically, not wrong.
As an adjective, it can mean bad.
不错 means not bad. This adjective is always used with 不 in front.
(有) is usually omitted in conversation.
4
I am a bit confused by the 在 in your example sentence, since you don't need it there, 我不在8点起床，我(在?)9点起床。 Frankly, I wouldn't know what this sentence was supposed to mean, if you hadn't provided a translation. If you want to express that something occures at a certain time of the day, e.g. X o'clock, there is no need for 在, just use X点 or X点钟.
As for the ...
2
Put it in simple words: 不 means "not" while 别 means "don't do something", it is also good to compare them with another negation word:没有， which literally means lack of the action:having, so in other words it means don't have or doesn't have. Don't forget in Chinese we don't conjugate the verbs.
2
According to my book New practical Chinese HSK5 what I understood.
十分不满 or 十分不满意=fully not satisfied
Not satisfied at all
In the other hand
不十分满意=not fully satisfied
2
As far as I can tell, the question does not require you to leave the 能 in the sentence. Since the 能 is already implied by the 可能补语 structure, the most natural way to solve your problem would be to leave off the 能:
你拿得来那本书吗？
我拿不来那本书。
By the way, to me it sounds more natural to move the object to the start of the sentence:
那本书你拿得来吗？
那本书我拿不来。
... but it's ...
2
我對明星一點興趣都不感
Your problem is not that verb itself, but the word order.
The correct order is: 我對明星一點 都不感興趣.
Hope this could help you.
2
That is really a good question. For English, it could use "not" in both two situations.
In my own opinion, you should get contextual analysis. A is asking David's activity, so the correct answer is 他没（在）看书. If inquire David's interests or habits, then the answer is 他不（喜欢）看书。
Hope it is clear.
2
Our moderator @songyuanyao has already provided a good link, here I make some additions:
没 is the opposite of 有, which implys the objective absence, while 不 is mere negation.
Is 不有 valid?
Yes! But it appears in classical Chinese, and idioms originating from it.
有 means 占有（seize）, so it can be simply negated by 不:
生而不(有)，为而不恃，功成而弗居。——《老子》
“创生而不去占有，...
2
the second has two verb. 會見and 不見(or maybe the sentence just ignore the conjunction.this is not formal)。
Here is correct grammar
你下个星期天见不见你的孩子
just take 会 away and the sentence will be perfect and have the same meaning as the former sentence.
or add conjunction
你下个星期天见或是不见你的孩子
And can these both sentences be equally written as 你下个星期天会见你的孩子吗?yes
2
他十分不满
He is very unsatisfied.
他不十分满
He is not very ...full?
The problem is the usage of 满.
不满=unsatisfied
满意=satisfied
But only 满 usually means full/completed/filled
so 他不十分满 is wrong, how could a man get filled? (perhaps beer?)
他不十分满意 is OK, meaning He is not very satisfied
1
I feel the main issue is covered in a Yoyo Chinese YouTube video (starting around 1:20); they use the two-verb example:
你会说中文。
你会不会说中文?
The Yoyo Chinese video describes this as "focusing on the main verb --> usually the first verb". So...
Correct: 你下个星期天会不会见你的孩子？
Incorrect: 你下个星期天会见不见你的孩子？
And...
Correct: 你下个星期天会见你的孩子吗?
Additional ...
1
没 denotes the sense of non-existence, while 不 is a general negation. The other way to think of it is that 没 is the short version of 没有. In other words, you can replace 没 with 没有 when 没 precedes a verb. For example, 他没来=他没有来; 门没关=门没有关;etc.
不 is used with other words(except for 有) such as 是 to form the negation. E.g. 这不是我做的; 我不管; 我不说;etc.
Furthermore, ...
1
This is a very good question and I upvoted. I might not have a great answer but like to give it a shot.
他没看书 == 他没有看书 is used to state a fact he didn't/doesn't read books.
他不看书, depending on contexts, could mean:
He doesn't want to read books. Or he is not willing to read books.
He won't read books.
He is a kind of person who doesn't read books.
In ...
1
Although you can often split up verbs and nouns, there are some which feel awkward when you do it. 感兴趣 is one of them. Even though 感 is a verb and 兴趣 is a noun, it doesn't feel right to say 一点兴趣都不感. The normal way to say it is 一点都不感兴趣. As for "why?" I've no idea.
I also can't think of any nouns that demand a different verb in the negative.
1
You can say "它以前不是红色的". But it can imply somehow "它现在是红色的"。
1
How do you specify past tense for 是?
From my answer:
You have to remember, unlike in English, we do not have past tense for verbs in Chinese grammar. Both "is" and "was" is written as "是" in Chinese.
1
According to the Outline of Classical Chinese Grammar by Edwin Pulleyblank, 蔑 may mean ‘destroy’, but is also a negative particle, used mostly in 左傳 and 國語.
[Miè 蔑 is a] form corresponding to wú 無 ‘not have’ in the same way that [...] wù 勿 corresponds to wú 毋 ‘do not.’
And here's what Pulleyblank writes about the relation of 勿 and 毋:
That is, the ...
1
it is kind of too formal or something, in daily life, people will not say things like "他不十分聪明", people will say "他不是很聪明"。"不满" is a word, short for "不满意", so you can say "他十分不满", again, in real life people will usually say "他很不满"。I don't think you need to nail the grammar down that precisely. Just get used to what people will usually say, forget about the ...
1
我要一份青椒肚片不 放 蒜。
我要一份青椒肚片 别搁 蒜。 (more intensive than 不搁)
I think 放，搁 sounds more natural and navtivelike.
1
没有 has some sense of past tense, similar to "haven't" or "didn't"
"我没有吸烟" translates similarly to "I did not smoke".
"我没有吃饭" translates similarly to "I have not eaten yet".
不 is rather neutral, and has some sense of present tense
"我不吸烟" translates to "I don't smoke", it is stating a habit or a preference
"我不吃饭" translates similarly to "I ...
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